ZANNIAT THUANTHU
First Addition
1994 
Ngaithiam ngenhnak
Pu Sat Zam in nganhnak laibu heh tun kin san ah tawk pha umh lo tluk i hang maanin a song ai thula te siar hiam te ca a nganhnak bangin cang thil tawpin ngan lehhnak ii. A laibu song ai bang rori i lohnak le cafang dik lo hnak te umh thai i maanin ngaithiam ngen dun cih ii sing. Zanniat tluanthu ling hiam te ca lai siar pha i tuhin le tunhnua ah felfai ngaiin Zanniat Tluanthu ngan hiam le zingzoi hiam te ca thil pha i tuhin ruathnak in hetin ngan leh hnak ii.
Copyrights thula ah, he laibu heh acozah sianghnak in bawnhnak i ai hetin mipui hnen ah online ah siar pha in dahhnak lungkhim lo hnak umh i lekhaw zanniat.com@gmail.com ah lai kuat tuhin sawm dun ii sing.
Tawlreltu
Zanniat Info website
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Thu Cah Hnak
He mi Zannit miphun thawh keh hnak thuanthu heh tikcu caan tam ngai lang in 1974 kum ai pan in ngan awng ing. Pupa san lai in miphun thawh keh dan thu ngan hnak um lo man in a thu zong khai har ngai i. Sankhat hnua san khat ka ruh rel hnak lek za de i sing. Cia song ah thuanthu dik ngaingai ling kin hiam roh napui ai hlan laithu heh a ling ban tu um nawn lo manin a nung lai tu kin nu, kin pa te ka suak rel hnak le tunhlan ai thuanthau ngan cia hnak te sik thim in ahman ber hmuh dan ai ngan hnak i.
Cen, hlan dan (Culture) heh kaimah thu hih hnua 1936 kum ai pan in i hmu awng hnak, ling hnak thawn bet dun in ngan hnak i le haingah hnak khai um thai i. Cia mi song ah Conlam dan le Hibawl dan heh Paucinhau dan lang hnua aid an hmanghnak i manin Pupa san ai hman ai hman dan thawn a dang hnak neu neu ngawn um thai i. Dan thu tam sawn heh kaimah tel ai caan lo hmang awnghnak ve hnak manin a hman tam tuh in um pah ing.
Cen, thuanthu ti hnak heh san khat hnua san khat minung te umtu khawsak dan (Living Standard) thu i le hlanlai kin Pa Phurh Hlum san ai thu heh aisu in khai a khim neu in ling ban tu um lo i. Tunhlan ai thuanthu nganhnak ah khai mah ling ban hnak ten in ngan hnak heh a siar tu mi hrek in hman lo I, cang thil lo I tit u khai um tuh i. Cia mi heh thu hman ngaingai ling i tuh cuang lo i. Mi ka rel sin hnak in mi phun ithnak naitu pawl in he i ngan hnak heh A.D 460 kum lai pan in kin Pupa te thawhkheh dan thu le A.D 1100 (11 Generation) hnau lam san khat hnua san khat ai minung te um dan lek Pau Cin Hau lut hnau ai um dan (Culture) te ling thil tuh manin a ngai hiam ai ruat tu khai um tuh in um ing.
Cia manin mineu san ah kin Zanniat miphun thawhkehhnak thuanthu le kin umtu khausak dan (Culture) ling tuh daih san hnak in hmun cang cang ai thuanthu um dan zongin thuham pan hnak ah Kawlram miphun thawhkeh hnak dan ai pan in ngan ing. World History song ai ngan hnak Cohkhit (Stone Age) lai ai minung te um tu khuasak dan khai sik thim in ngan ing. Cia lo tu hlan ai kin u te thuanthu ngan awng hnak te le a nung lai tu nu le pa ka suak rel hnak te kom khawm in 1988 kum ah he mi thuanthu Rolung heh ngan pan ing.
Miphun ithnak nai ai thazang i petu le he mi thuanthu cauk bawn suak tuh ai i bawmtu rualpui, fate hnen ah tam ngai anghnakk nai ing le he mi Hmatdan nganhnak heh tesin fa par san ah kin Zanniat miphun din hmun ham kho ruaitu i thai umhnak nai ing.
Miphun ithnak nai tihnak heh mah khua, mah ram, mah miphun dan nai hnak phan tak neu ai khol ben ngio te tihnak i. Lailung vum ah mah miphun dan nai ten i sing. Miphun dang dan hlun zel, mah dah so so tu pai ruai sek ti heh miphun dinhmun nai lo, mi vakvai mi i sing. Pathian ling hlan ah kin pup te in Hibawl dan lo nai i. Tun san ah aisu khai Pathian bia lo tu um lo i. Khrihfa cang sek hnua aisu khai Khuavang rong pe Hibawl li um lo i. Napui khaw kin Zanniat Lai dan ti hnak heh miphun thawhkeh ai pan in dan (Culture) kin nai awnghank in a hnua khum ber pa (88) ai nganhnak tette cauk No. 22 tian hmun in ngan ing. Cia manin kin hnu khua sak dan (Living Standard) thawn peh tlai dun in kin Zanniat Laidan heh mineu san ah khai lokhawl tuh hlen in zuam tlang nga sing.
Sd/-
(Sat Zam)
Tlangphai khua
Kawlram Miphun Thawhkehdan
- Kawlram miphun tihnak heh B.C 5000 san ai pan in 1947 AD kum, Kawlram kulhpui tlangpar hmunrawn ram din khawm tuhhnak thurel Pinlung (Panglong) Conference) Cachuk nemhngethnak ai teltu Ramhrin miphun; Kachin, Karen, Kaya, Chin, Myama, Shan, Mun, Yakhaing miphun pawl tihnak i. Cia mi siar lo Mirang ai Kawlram uk hnua ramdang ai hlenghnak Tuluk, Kala te tam ngai um leh fawn maanin a kum kum in miphun kin tam tete i. Hemi te heh kon tih bangin Kawlram hleng i ti a khim niuin ngan ben cawk lo maanin a hia lam bangin Tibet ram ai hlengtu miphun bur pathum (3) te thuanthu lek ngan i sing.
- Kawlram tihnak khai heh Asia Continent hlang lam ram lai teng ah um i. A cingkim ram heh nisuakhnak lam ah Tuluk, Laos, Thailand ram um i. Nitlakhnak lam ah India ram (Assam state, Manipur), Pakistan ram le Bengal tipi thuanthum um i. Sak lam ah Tibet, Tuluk (China) um i. Hlang lam ah Malaysia ram le Gulf of Bengal tipithuanthum um i. Asia Continent song ah ramnuam le fangcang tam ngai hmun i. Laisong suak Zinan (Oil), lungto mankhung le fangcang tam ngai suakhmun i. Ramdang thawn pehtlaidunhnak tivum, lampui, vanzuang khophmun nuam ngaingai um i. Ramsong fehhnak tlangleng, motor, Timbaw lamzin tibang sukso fehhnak a phunphun khai um i.
- Ciamaanin a hmasa ber in ramsong um miphun thawhkehdan thu ruat selai. B.C 35,000 – 15,000 dung so heh Cohkhit (Stone Age) Cian ti le cia lai Negro te Kawlram ah hleng ong zo ai, Bengal tikulh ah um ti i. B.C 3,000 – 2,000 lak heh Cohshawkhit ti i le, cia dung so ah Salung le Malay te Kawlram ah helng ai, Moulmein ram ah khuato i. Mi hrekkhat te heh Indo-China, Cambodia, Thailand le Laos lam ah khuato i. Cia hnua ai hlengtu heh Tibet ram in Mun-Khama minung heh Cohkhit hnua ramdang ai hlenghnak i ling thilhnak nai i sing.
- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx cauk song ah khai Cohkhit lai in Kawlram ah minung te um awng zo i tihnak thu, Irrawaddy tikam hlun le Thayetmyo ramsong ah lungto ai bawnhnak Hriamhrei te tawk i. Shan ram ah khai hlanlai minung te um hmun lungkua song ah Hriamhrei te, minung lungto vum ai zuksuakhnak te tawk maanin Cohkhit lai in Kawlram ah khai minung te um zo i tihnak lingthilhnak um i.
- Cia bangin Kawlram minung te heh B.C 100 hnua fangin Tibet ram Mongolian miphun bur (3) teheh Kawlram ah zukvai ai, mah miphun ten in hmun khat ah khuato i. Cia te pawl heh a hnia ai miphun bur (3) te i:
(a) Mun-Khama Uksuh
(b) Tibet-Myanma Uksuh
(c) Tai-Taluk Uksuh
- He miphun bur (3) te heh zai kum fangin Kawlram ah hleng i ti, fiang niuin lingbangtu ngai um lo i. Napui le, amah te khuasakdan, thilhmangdan, lovaidan, hlaici cingdan te sik fangin A.D 300 dung so ai hmunkhuat nai zo i. Zaimanin ti fangin B.C 200 dung ai, panin minung te lovai ai rongcingdan thiam zo i ti le, amah te ram ah pumcawmhnak ngah lo maanin ram nuam, tii nuam si in Mongolia ram in zuk vai awng hnak tuh i. Cia mi thu heh 1949 kum ai hlanlai thuanthu ngantu C.C Lewis nganhnak “The tribe of Burma” tihnak cauk song ah Kawlram minung te heh Mongolian miphun ti ngan i. 1968 kum ai Tawhlanzi Council suahhnak “Kawlram miphun vum ai hmunhnak dan thu” ngahnak ah khai ramsong miphun veksen in Asia ram lai teng, Mongolia miphun ai kharh zaihnak i tiin ngann i. Cia maanin Kawlram minung heh kin thawhkehhmun bang ten I, mi tam sawn heh hin khat song khat tlang awng napui le, tlangpar um, hmunrawn um tiin kin khuatohmun dang sek maanin miphun dangdang kin cang leh hnak i ti um kuul i.
- Mun-Khama Uksuh:
Kawlram miphun song ah Mun-Khama Uksuh vuan Mun, Palawng, Vuah, Myang miphun te heh B.C 100 dung so ah Kwalram zukvai pawl i tuh i. Mibur (3) song ah a hmasa ber hleng pawl i. Palawng, Vuah, Myang te heh Shan ram sak lam ah khuato i. Mi hrekkhat te heh Kachin ram ah khuato i. Mun te pawl heh Mekaung le Salwen tipui hlun in zukvai ai, Maulmein ram lam ah khuato i. Ciata in mi hrekkhat khat pawl heh Thailand, Cambodia ram lam hlengtu khai um i. Cia te pawl in Kawlram ah hmasa ber hlengtu Salong le Malay te nuncan khuasakdan hlun tlang le, ngadawi, sakap lovai, rong aihpha ciingin pum cawm tlang i. Cia te heh tun ai Kawlram nisuahhnak hlang lam tlangpar um Shan te, Mun (Mon) te pawl i hang.
- Tibet-Myanma Uksuh:
He mibur khat te heh Mun-Khama Uksuh hnua A.D 460 dung ah Kawlram zukvai pawl i. Miphun thawhkehhnak thuanthun nganhnak ah hmu thil i sing – 1891 kum, “The Burma Census Report Book”. Cen, 1983 (7?) kum “The Govexner of Burma Hand Book” tihnak song ah khai Tibet-Myanma uksuh vuan pawl heh Tibet-Mongolia miphun i tiin ngan i. Cia bang pah in 1968 kum ai suahhnak Tawhlanzi Council ai ramhrin miphun te vum ai hmuhhnak dan thu nganhnak ah khai hmu thil i sing. Cia maanin a hnia ai mibur (3) te heh hnuata deuh Kawlram hleng pawl i:
- Chin-Kachin Miphun
- Kawl-Hlanlai Kawlphun
- Lulu-Muksu Miphun
- Chin-Kachin Miphun:
A vum ai miphun uksuh (3) song ah, Chin-Kachin te heh a hmasa ber Kawlram vai pawl i le, Assram ram, Burma Putra (Brahmaputra) tipui le Salwen tipui karlak ah zuk vai i. A hmasa in Chin (Laimi) te zuk vai ai, Chindwin tihnar hmunrawn Hukawng ah hmun thar sat in khuato i. Kum hnuata lam fangin mi hrekkhat te heh hlang lam ah zuk thawn zianzo ai, Kalram lai teng Thayetmyo, Pegu Yoma, Natmyo Prome Henzada lam ah khua to i. Cia te heh tun ai Achu Chin (Acho) tihnak te i hang. Cen, mi hrekkhat te heh nitlakhnak lam mual (?) vum in vai leh sal ai, Assam, Manipur, Lakher te pawl i hang. Mi hrekhat te heh Arakan Yoma, Chitlakaung (Chittagong), Bangladesh le Yakhaing (Rakhaing) ram sak lam ah khua to i. Cia te heh Chaungta Khami (Khumi) tihnak pawl i. Cia ta in Laitlang ram song um pawl heh Kuki, Anu, Paneng te i. Chindawin nitlakhnak lam vaitu pawl heh Maawleik ram in Kalaymyo ah khuato i. Cia te heh Laimi cihlahtu Zannaing (Zanniat) pip ate pawl i ngai ti um kuul i.
- Kachin te heh Laimi hnua kum rai pui fangin Kawlram zuk vai lai i. Ciatin Kawlram zuk vai fangin Laimi te feh hmun lam hlun in vai le Chindwin tiihnar hleng fangin Chin (Laimi) te pawl um zo ti ling manin nisuahhnak lam lan in Mekha tipui kam le ?riangle Area Sunprapon ah khuato i. Cia hnua kum 300 rai fangin hlang lam ah zuk thawn ai Vanmaw Myitkyina, Katha Khamti lam ah khuato i. Cia te heh tun ai Shan ram saklam umtu Kachin te pawl i hang.
- Kachin:
Kachin te heh Kawlram sak lam ram tong kum ber um pawl i. Mi tam sawn te heh tikam hmunrawn ah um le mi tam sawn heh mual vum ah um i. Laimi te bang pah lo vai in nung cang ve i. Inapui le hmunrawn um pawl heh lee bawn in fangcang cing i. Ramsong miphun heh Cingphawh (Jingphow) Pawngzawng, Mashu, Lashi, Ayi, Ravuan, Lishu ti i le cia song ah Cingphaw pongkam hmang tam ber i. Inapui le Kachin ram nitlakhnak lam Assam ram naih pawl in Nakah (Naga), Kuki pongkam tel i. Nisuakhnak lam ram um pawl in Tuluk (China), Shan, pongkam tel in pong i. Ram lai teng um pawl heh Kawl pon hmang tam i. Cia bangin pongkam dang napui le hmuihmel, tumtu khuasakdaan heh Chin (Laimi) thawn bang pah maanin kin pa te in khai “Unau i sing” ti de i.
- A vum ai tihnak bangin Kachin le Chin heh Unau Songkhat awng i sing ti larhnak tampui um i. Tehthimhnak in Kachin dan in inn thar tlai fangin “Ramdang ai vaaitu unau pa tlung tuh maanin amah um hmuun tuh” ti le tual ah hlambuk neu sak dan ti i. Cia mi siar lo miphun khat i sing ti lingthilhnak ah Katha ram song mi Kadu Kanan te heh Thet miphun ti i. Thet tihnak heh hlanlai ah Laimi te tihnak i. A vum ai tihnak bangin kin hmuihmel, kin umdaan bangrep i. Miphun tam ngai lek ah Laimi le Kachin heh rem khai kin rem ber i. Hlanlai pupa suahkehdaan zong fangin khai unau i sing ti de i.
- Kawl – Hlanlai Kawl Phun:
Kawl te heh Laimi hnua Kawlram vaai pawl i. Cia te heh Irrawaddy, Mekha tiihnar in zuk vaai ai, Kachin ram hmunrawn ah khuato i. Ciata in mi hrekkhat te heh hlang lam ah zuk vaai saal ai Shan ram hleng fangin hmun nuam si in nitlakhnak lam ah feh le, Kawl rawn ah khuato i. Mi hrek heh Yakhaing (Rakhaing) ram lam hleng i. Cia te heh Yakhaing miphun te i le Kawl daan hmang ve pawl i. Cia bangin Kachin ram miphun Ravuan (Rawang), Lashi, Mashu Ag? te pawl khai Kawl pon hmang tam sawn maanin Kachin ram ai taanghnak hlanlai Kawl phun Phiu tihnak te Pyimyo dintu pawl i. Cia ai in Chin (Laimi) te khai Thet ti i le, Thakaung ram din suak pui tu i. Mun (Mon), Palaung, Vuah (Wah) pawl in Thatung ram din suak pui i ti hlanlai thuanthu ngaanhnak ah hmu thil i sing.
- Cen, hlanlai thuanthu ngaanhnak ah B.C 200 dung so ah Tuluk (China) ram nitlak hnak lam, Kansuh ram ah Mongolian miphun Myan tihnak pawl um le, Tuluk te in sim maanin hlang lam ah vaai ai, A.D 108 kum ah Pagan siangpahrang dinsuak pui i. Cia hnua A.D 650 fangin Shan ram tlangpar hmunrawn lan in zuk vai ai, Kuakse ram ah khuato ti. Ciata in fim hmasa tu man hang in Kawlram hmunrawn hmuahhmuah ah khuato in miphun karhzai i. Mi khrekkhat te heh hlanglam ah zuk vaai zianzo ai, Maulmein (Moulmein) lam hleng i. Ciata hmasa hlengtu Mun (Mon) te thawn cokrawi in um tlang maanin ponkam le umtukhuasakdaan heh Mun (Mon) daan hluun le hnauta lam fangin Kawl (Myanmar) ti leh hnak i ti i.
- Lulu – Muksu:
Lulu – Muksu te khai Tibet ram ai zukvai pawl, hlanlai kawl miphun te i. Cia te heh Kawlram nisuakhnak lam ram Salwen le Kekaung tipui hluun in zuk vaai ai Kachin ram Puta-U, Myitkyina Bamaw lam ah khuato i. Cia te heh Lishu pon hmang i le, Kawl pon thawn bang pah i. Umtlangdaan khai Kawl thawn bang pah liang maanin hlaan Kawl miphun te pah i. Tlangvum ah lo bawn ai, hmunrawn ah lee bawn in fangcang cing i. Cia te heh Kachin song um Kawl miphun i napui le Lishu pon hmang pawl i.
- Tai – Taluk:
Tai – Taluk uksuh vuan te heh tun ai Shan, Thailand, Tuluk (Chinese), Karen te pawl i. Cia te heh A.D 450 hnua Shwely tiihnar in nitlak hmun lam in vaai ai, Shan ram ah khuato i. Mi hrek heh hmai lam nor in feh vivo ai, Assam ram lam hlengtu khai um ti i. A dang pawl heh Shweley tipui kam ah khuato i. Ciata in mi hrekkhat pawl heh hlang lam ah tipui hluun in zuk vaai ai, Karen ram ah khuato i. Karen ram in nisuakhnak lam ah vaai leh saal le, Tuluk, Thailand, Lao ram lam ah khuato i. Kum rai pui hnua ah karhzai leh maanin umhmun ramhrin miphun ah cang leh zianzo i.
- Cia bangin Assam ram hleng pawl heh kum rai pui hnua ah miphun, innkhi tam ngai karhzai maanin A.D 950 kum ah Assam ram uktu Ahung Siangpahrang ding suak pui i. Cen, Shan te heh A.D 78 dungso ah Tuluk (Chinese) te thawn do dun ai, raal sung maan sak lam ah thawn le, kum rai pui hnua fangin Kyaukse ram ah zuk vaai saal i. Ciamaan Shan te heh Kawlram hlang khua lam ah hnuata lam hleng pawl i. Cia mi te hlaan ai hlengtu Mun (Mon), Palaung, Vuah (Wah) pawl in Thatung ram din suak pui zo maanin amah te thu ngai um um vek i. Cia bangin Thai miphun pawl in Unau Unan ram din suak pui i. A.D 1253 kum ah Mongo Siangpahrang Kuplaikhan (Gublai Khan) in Unan ram sim ai, neh sio maanin Thai te heh tun ai Thailand ram ah veksen in vaai sek i.
- Hlanlai thuanthu zoite ngaanhnak bangin a vum ai miphun uksuh (3) te heh A.D 450 dung in Kawlram ah um zo i. Kum rai pui hnua mipum karhzai ai hlanlai daan in in ralpha te pawl puarthauhnak in ramsong raaldo dun in um vek i. Raaltlan ai hmun thar ram thar vaaitu, ram nuam tii nuam siitu ti bangin Kawlram hmun cangcang ah khuato in kin umhmun khua le ramdang leh ten maanin pongkam te khai dang sek i. Napui le, hmuihmel, umtukhuasakdaan a banghnak tam ngai um maanin hlanlai ah miphun khat awng i sing ti el dun tuh um lo i. Miphun khat awng tihnak thu ah Mirang san lai 1949 kum C.C Luwis nganhnak “The Tribe of Burma” tihnak le 1891 kum “The Burma Sensus Report Book” tihnak song ah khai Tibet – Myanmar uksuh vuan in Kawlram hlenghnak tiin um i.
- He bangin Tibet – Mongolian miphun i napui sing le tlangpar – hmunrawn um pawl tiin kin dang ai, pehtlaidunhnak um leh lo maanin pongkam, rongaih tiding kin dang leh sek i. Cia hnua kam rai pui Kawlram ah inn le lo thawn um le miphun khai karhzai, siah le nai cuhdun san (Ayin Shin Sahnit) man leh fawm ai, ramsong raaldo dun i. Cialai heh Kawl Sinangpahrang san (Pagan) ti i le, rohsia in dodunhnak um ai, minung te khai sal in pom, thilri hmuah long aim ah ram uk song ti in (colonize) dun i. Cia lai in Kawl heh miphun tam ber maanin miphun dang te hnakin politics lam ah khai mifim tam ngio i le, hlanlai Siangpahrang tuantu tu khai tampui um i. 1885 kum Mirang suak ai, a hnuata ber Mandalay Siangpahrang heh Tibaw Min ti i le 29 Nov 1985 nia, Mirang raalbawi Buchuk Frander Card le Buchukkyi Sladen in pom ai, India Governer hnen ah kuat ti i.
- A vum lam ai ngaanhnak bangin Kawlram miphun veksen Tibet – Mongolian miphun ai zaaihnak i sing. Cia song ah Kawl te heh mi tam ber pawl i. Lulu – Muksu, Mun (Mon) tibang pawl Kawl mi bang pah maanin hnuata lam ah tu Kawl miphun hual leh sek ai, innkhi, mipum in khai Kawldaan hluun tam i. Kawlram pumpalah in Kawlpon hmang ten maanin Kawlpon heh Common Language in hmang i sing. 1947 kum, tlangpar – hmunrawn thinkhat lungkhat nai in Independence lang tuhhnak thu reel Pinlung (Panglong) Conference ah khai Kawlpon in thu lo bur tlang i. 1962 kum Tawhlanzi Council kai hnua ah tlawnglaai zirhnak hmuah Kawllaai in zirh leh tio le kin fate pawl in Kawlpon leek hmang leh aam i hang. Kawlram kulhpui song ah a kon khua hlengta in khai Kawlpon leek in thu reel thil i. Cia maanin Kawlpon heh ramsong Common Language in hmang i sing ti ling tlang kuul i sing.
- Cen, lailung vum minung te umtlankhuasakdaan siik fangin Kyaukkhit lai ai pan fimhnak naitu ram um ai, zai thiamhnak nai lo miaa ram khai lo um i. Cia san lai ah Egypt le Greek mi te heh miphun dang hnakin Science lam thiamtu um zo i. Theory nai, mifim tam pui um zo maanin lovaai hlaici ciingdaan le ram ukdaan lam ah khai khangsotu hmasa ber pawl i. Lailung vum ramukdaan lam ah khai khangsotu hmasa ber pawl i. Lailung vum ram tam ngai in Egypet le Greek te fimhnak langin ram khangsohnak per i. Cia lak ah ram hrekkhat te heh zai khai thiam lo um maanin ram thim mi, ram farah ti um i le, cia te pawl heh nun nuam hmun tuh si in khuadang ramdang vaai tam ber i. Mi hrekkhat te heh raaltlan ramsong ukdaan rimze maanin tlan ti khi um i. Cia bangin Kawl, Kachin, Kaya, Karen, Chin, Shan, Myanmar, Mun, Rakhaing miphun kiin veksen in Tibet-Mongolian miphun ai karhzaihank ti ling i sing. Napui le tunhlan ai thuanthu ngaanhnak song ah zaimaanin vaai i ti ngaantu um lo i. Hlan thu ling te karuh reelhnak in rianpui tlung maan vaai i ti i. Cia maanin minung te vaakvaidaan thu bang in tii nuam, ram nuam si in Tibet ram in Kawlram zuk vaaihnak i sing ti hman tuh ber in hmu i sing.
- Laimi Thawhkehdaan:
Chin (Laimi) te khai Tibet ram in Kawlram zuk vaaihnak ti i. Hlanlai thuanthu ling te reelhnak ah Tibet ram ah rian pui tlung le, mi tam ngai rong lo tii lo in um i ti i. Cia lai ah Sawbua (Miuk) te khai ramsong mi te in Siah pe ben lo maanin harhnak tam ngai tawk i. Cia lai ai Sawbua tuantu heh Mongolian miphun Chin Tung le Ching Phawh te songkhat ti i. He te heh ram uk thunaitu i napui le ram song ah rianpui tlung maanin rong nuam, tii nuam hmun si in tlangpar hmunrawn hlang lam Burmaputra (Brahmaputra) tiihnar lam in Kawlram ah zukvai i. Cia te heh Chin Tung le rualpui songkhat te pawl ti i le, Kawlram song zuk lut fangin Chindwin tiihnar Hukawng ah khuato i. Kum rai nawn um hnua fangin mi hrekkhat te heh tipi hluun in hlang lam ah zuk thawn zianzo ai Thamti, Phuangpin lam ah khuato i. Mi hrekkhat heh Minbu, Tayetmyo, Prome, Peguyoma lam ah khuato i. Cia te heh tun ai Achu (Asho) – Chin tihnak te i. Hrekkhat heh Chindwin nitlak hmun lam ah vaai leh thio le Chittakuang (Chittagong), Assam, Bengladest (Bangladesh) Arakan Yoma lam ah khuato i. Cia te heh Mindat, Paletwa, Kanpalet miphun pawl i. Assam, Manipur ram hleng pawl heh Lushai, Lakher, Meitei te i le, India ram song um pawl i. Bangladesh, Rakhaing ram hleng pawl heh Chuangta ti i. Pakukku lam um pawl te Taungta ti i.
- He bangin Laimi te khai Tibet – Myanmar uksuh vuan in A.D 460 dungso in Kawlram zuk vaai hnak i napui sing le kin umhmun khua le ram kin dang, pehtlaidunhnak nai lehlo maanin kin hmuihmel bang napui le pongkam, tumtukhuasakdaan kin dang leh sek hnak i. 1949 kum C.C Luwis nganhnak “The Tribes of Burma” song ah khai Laimi te heh Tibet – Myanmar uksuh vuan in Kawlram vaaihnak i le, amah te sulphu hmun ram heh Asia ram lai teng, tlangpar nisuahhnak lam ram i. Cia ta in hlang lam ah tipui hluun in zuk vaai ai, mi hrekkhat te heh Indo – China ram lam hleng tiin ngaan i. 1896 kum B.S Carey, N.H Tuck te ngaanhnak “The Chin Hills” tihnak song ah khai Chin te heh Tibet – Myanmar uksuh vuan in Kawlram vaaihnak i ti i. Mirang san lai ah Kawlram sak lam tlangpar umtlandaa thuanthu zoitu European Scientists ?gregor, Wood Thope, Errpl Grey, Palinger Prince of Henry Ofleans te nganhnak ah khai cia bang pah in um i. 1963 kum ai U Vum Kho Hau thuanthu nganhnak ah khai Chin te heh tlangpar minung i le Tibet Myanmar hmunkhur pon daan in pon dangdang, mah umhmun ponkam teng hmang i, lovaai hlaici cingdaan, hoiher daan, ukdundaan te bang liang maanin miphun khat songin karhzaihnak i ti ngan i.
- Ciamaanin kin pupa sin Chin Tung l rualpui te Kawlram zuk vaai fangin hmasa ber khuato hmun heh Hukaung Valley in Chindwin tiihnar ah khuato i. “Chindwin” tihnak heh Chin (Laimi), Dwin (Hmunkhur) ti i le, a kom fangin Laimi Hmunkhur tihnak i. 1954 kum, Luce G.H ngahnak ah Chindwin tihnak heh Hole of Chin ti ngan i. 1044 kum Anawratha Siangpahrang san ah Mongwa sak lam heh Chin te Tuluk ram uktu heh Chinnanset Shihuangti i le ram komkhawm Siangpahrang ukdaan hmasa ber thoktu i. Mirang in Laimi ti heh Chin kin ti i. Kawl in Chin kin tip ah i. Chini cafang kom pe?? in Tuluk heh China ti i. Cia maanin kin pupa te heh Tuluk Sawbua Chinan – Chinanset phun i tuh awng ti um kuul i. Zaimaan tifangin ramhrin miphun tihnak heh ramhming, i hlah le minung hming heh tesin, fasin san ah miphun hming in cang leh i ti hlaan thu zoi hnak ah za de i sing.
- He mi thawn pehdun in 1955 kum ai Tuluk ram thuanthu ngantu Wangshutang ngaanhnak “China Land of Many Nationalities” tihnak song ah Tuluk ram ah miphun 60 lai um i le, cia song ah nitlakhnak lam ram khalkha le Hui hlanglam ram minung Chuang, Yao, Tung, Ling, Lai tihnak te umtukhusakdaan (Culture) heh “Chin” thawn bangrep i tin ngan i. Tuluk pon khai heh Lami pon bang hnak tampui um i. Kachin pon ah khai Lai ponkam tam pui tel pah i. Cia maanin Chin, Kachin, Tuluk heh hlanlaai Tibeto san lai ah Hin khat, unau tlang awnghnak tuh in um kuul i.
- Zanniat Miphun Thawhkehdaan:
Cen, Laimi te Kawlram vaaihnak thu ah A.D 1100 kum dung so ah, Shan Sawbua fapa Ritaw le rualpui te heh Chindwin tipui hluun in zukvai ai, Kalevuah ram in nitlakhnak lam ah feh le, Kaleymyo ah khuato i. Hnuata vaai pawl heh Thlin, Phaungpin, Mawlaih lam ah khuato i. Kalaymyo khuato tu Sawbua te heh ralpha, ralcak ngai pawl i le, a nehhnak Kale, Kabaw Valley hmuah uk awng i. Cia maanin Raal nehhnak cuan in fasin hming ah Zan Zaing (Yan Naing) bawn i. Sawbua tihnak heh Ram Uktu bawi (Miuk) ti i le, ramsong minung te in a thu ngai i. Kih khai kihzah ngai i. A bawmtu tlangsuak tam ngai nai i. Kaleymyo ah raal khamhnak hruangkulh pui bawn maanin “Vingpui” tiin ko i.
Khuahlan mi tam sawn heh kum 100 nung tam i. San ph ate heh kum 115 mi dung nungtu khai um i. I napui le Zan Naing hjeh a san phat lai pah thi te i.
- Zan Naing in fapa (5) nai i. Amah thi te maan, a fate heh Phulung, Thun Khaing, Lun Kyaw i. A dang unau pahnih te hming heh aisu in khai a lingtu um lo i. Cia te heh a pu thi leh thio fangin a pu roc uh in hau tlang le, upa (3) te le nau (2) te tangkhat in doduun ai, unau (2) te n neh maanin unau (3); Phu Lung, Thunkhaing le Lunkyaw te heh Kalaymyo in nitlak hmun lam Thuma ah tlaan i. Ciata in Natchaung, Ngapha, Indin in Tihlir hmun rawn taw zum ah suak ai, Kauka ah khua to i. Unau (2) te in a tlan hmun ah duum thotho napui le tlangvum lam hleng zo maanin man lo hang i. Cia unau (2) te in Tlanghlang ram tlang vum tian dum le a suk a so vak ben lo maanin let leh i. Cia hmun heh “Sawbua te hlenghmun awng” tihnak in “Min Le Lawng” ti i. Cia unau (2) te heh a kon ah um ai ti hlanlai thuanthu zoi te in khai ling ban lo ai, Kawl lak ah vaakvai sek i ngai ti um kuul i.
- Phulung, Tunkhaing, Lunkyaw le rualpui songkhat te heh Kauka ah kum (3) um hnua fangin hmun thar, si in nitlak hmun lam tlangtluan hluun in vaai leh thio ai, Hmunli khualu lungsip tlang hleng fangin a ralkhat sunthla ram Lailun ah maivar hmu i. Mi hrek in Lati khualu in maivar hmu i titu khai um i. Cia mi micar hmun been in feh napui le khua thim hang maanin tlang hnia hmunrawn ah caam i. A thaininghla feh tlang leh saal le Lailun lungkua hleng fangin aisu khai um lo maanin cia maivar heh Khuavang mai i ngai tiin um i.
- Kauka in Sunthla ram Lailun hlenghnak thu ah mi hrekkhat in Laiti khualu Thangpawl tlang hleng fangin a ralkhat Sunthla ram Lailun lungkua in maivar hmu i tihnak thu ah kin pa te reelhnak in, Ngalsip tlang hmun rawn ah baal, fuu um le sadawi kong lang de ti i. Cen laibel keh neuneu khai um i ti reel de maanin Phulung, Thun Khaing, Lunkyaw te hon hleng fangin camkhat dung um awng i ngai ti um kuul i. Thuanthu tihnak heh hlanlai thu ling te karuh relsinhnak i le, linghnak bang lo maanin ngawn i le, Kauka in Lailun ah khuato i ti ling tlang tuh zong kuul i. Hlanlai thuanthu zoi te ngaanhnak ah ramdang vai fangin tipui hluun, i hlah le tlangtluan hluun in ram thar, hmun thar siik in vaai de i ti i. Cia bangin Phulung te khai tlangtluan hluun in Laitlang hon vaai i ngai ti um kuul i.
- World History song siik fangin Kyautkhit lai ah minung te in inn le lo ngai nai lo in lungkua, khu kua been in um zel vek i. Rong khai thingthai, thinghnah ai vek i. Inapui le A.D 500 hnua tu, lovaai, rongcing, sum-ar zuadaan thiam hang maanin ram nuam ah vaai zianzo tam i. Lailun tihnak heh lungsuang lian ngai um hmun pha lungkua ngai ngai i. A cingkim ah lovaai tuh ram pha ngai um i. A vum ai tihnak bangin Phulung te heh lailun ah kum rai pui um hnua mipum karhzaai, a hiangkim ah inn thar sa in um tlang i. Cia lai ah Falam nitlakhnak lam heh Mar le lo um zo i. Kum rai pui hnua fangin mah ten khua thar, ram thar to in vaai leh thio ai, Thuankhaing heh Zahlir ah khuato i. Cia ta in Mar te pawl do le neh sek maanin Tlauzawl (Tlauhmun) ah khuato saal i. Cia ta h tesin fasin tam ngai zaai ai, Zahau ram le Sim ram ah khuato i. Mi hrek heh Hualngo ram lam vaaitu khai um i. Cia maanin Thuankhaing heh Zahau miphun Cihlahtu i.
- Cia bangin Lunkyaw khai Lailun in Sunpui ah, Sunpui in Laizo ah, Laizo in Mangkheng ah khuato i. Fasin t heh Sunpui in Tlaisun ah khuato ai, miphun karhzai leh fangin Tlaisun Hrin ti i. Mangkheng khuato pawl khai hnuata lam fangin mipum karhzai leh fai, Hlawnceu Hrin ti i. Mi hrekkhat te heh Halkha ram lam ah vaai i. Cia te heh Senthang, Thauhle, Zotung, Hluasa miphun ti i. 1968 kum ai Laimi daan thuanthu ngaanhnak ah “Senthang mi heh Sunthla hiang Lailun lungkua ai thawhkehhnak i” ti i. Ciamaanin Lai tihnak heh lailun i “Mi” minung ti i le, a panih kom fangin Lailun i ti lingkul i sing le Lunkyaw khai heh Hlawnceu miphun Cihlahtu i. Cia bangin, khuadang ramdang vaai leh sek hnua fangin Phurh Hlum, Thuan Kai, Hlawn Ceu ti lehhnak i le, Lailun lungkua been in khuato i.
- He te unau (3) siar lo Khualsim Hrin, Ngan miphun ti bang um lai i. Khualsim te heh Pu Ral Thang tihnak Shan ram in vaai ai, Cehawng ah khuato ti i. Cia ta in Tlanghlang ah khuato leh saal i. Cen, mi hrekkhat te heh Halkha peng Rimpi in Mangkheng ram Longka ah , Longka in Simpi ah khuato i. Kum rai pui hnua fangin mi hrekkhat te heh Tlanghlang ram ah vaai leh saal ai, Run hlang, Run ziat, Khualsim hmunkhur ah khuato i. Mineu san fangin Thiamthi, Angteng lam ah vai leh i. Cia maanin Pu Ral Thang heh Khualsim Hrin Cihlahtu i. Ngawn te heh Tiddim ram lam in hon hlenghnak i ti le, Tiddim te pawl thawn Tulsuk lam in Laitlang hon vaaihnak te i.
- A vum ai ngaanhnak bangin Falam peng ramhrin miphun cihlahtu unau (3) te heh kin Laimi papui te i. Lailun in khuadang, ramdang hleng leh hnua ah pehtlai dunhnak um lo maanin kin pongkam te dang leh sek i. Cia bangin fasin san ah hin le hnam khai dang zianzo ai, Falam peng ah Hinpui (10) um i. Cia mi siar lo mah khua, mah ram ten ah Hin neuneu tam ngai um napui le lingdun sah sawk lo maanin a hnia lam bangin Hin pui te leek ngan i sing.
(1) Tlaisun
(2) Laizo
(3) Lente
(4) Hlawnceu
(5) Zahau
(6) Khualsim
(7) Hualngo
(8) Ngawn
(9) Zanniat
(10) Tapong
- He bangin Lailun ci hlahhnak i napui sing le, kum rai pui hnua fangin unau pehtlaidunhnak um lo maanin khua khat le khua khat raaldun i. Mi tam pawl in khua ten au le a ngamhnak khua sim ai, nupang naupang khai reek sek de i. Khua minung te khai Sal tuhin pom de i. Cia san lai in maithal um lai lo maanin raaltawnghnak in fai le vaang, thal ti bang hmang de i. Cia bangin raal neh hiam maanin Phurh Hlum raal neh hiam maanin Phurh Hlum le Thuan Kai a unua in Ruapui sim tuh nisuah hmun lam ah feh le Hmunli ram Tivang tikhur hleng fangin a unua hetin thu tiam dun i. “Raalsim feh kin i maanin a nung a thi khai i thai sing; cia maan a tlung hmasa in he Hlapah kuang sah dun nga sing” ti in pon tiam dun ai, cia tih pah Ruapui sim tuh feh lan kawm i. Ruapui khua hleng fangin zaan song sun in a vo veve inn lak ah vaak le Rualpui te’n ling ngah te maan ciah tlangvaal te in a suk a so ah dum dek le a lau in tlan ngah kawm teu i. Cia fangin Thuan Kai ciah Tivang hleng hmasa teu le, a thukam dun hnak bangin Hlapah kuang sat le Lailun ah tlung teu i.
- Thuan Kai tlung hnua zai cam lo pahin Phurh Hlum ciah tlung le Tivang tikhur hleng fangin Hlapah kuang sathnak hmu maanin “Thuan Kai tlung zo hang, man tuh lo hang ing” ti le, Tivang tikhur ah com i. Cia fangin a dip song ai Sahlu pai hnak ai le, ai ben tii ding fangin hlum ngai in ling maanin “ti hlum, ti al, nupui tlut ngang” ti le a tithawl song ah thun in Lailun ah a nupui tlut i. Inn hleng fangin ding fang ciah hlum lo maanin a nuu in “Na tii le hlum lem hlah hai” ti i. Cia fangin Phurh Hlum in “Hlum bang ta lawn, i phurhnak ai dap te i ngai” ti in sawn i.
- Phurh Hlum ruathnak ah “Cia mi ti hlum, ti al hmun ah khua to tuh ing”, ti le a khua khai Tivang bawn i. A nupui tu Tivang ah hiam lo maanin Lailun ah let teu i. Phurh Hlum in “Kai tu Tivang ah tap ngang” ti le Locom Phunnim nupang nu leh i, ti Pa Khuah Tlir in reel awng i. Cia bangin Tivang ah khua thar sat le kum rai lo pah mipum, innkhi zai in Khuasat, Cuancung, Tlangpi, Lamhlang ti in khua li (4) khim fangin Mualsxxx Khuathar ti in khua karhzai ai, innkhi (500) tian khim hang le, Zawldun lam ban ho nom ti i. Cia lai ah Tlami te khai Kawl in hong le Hmunli khuataw ah khuato i. Cia maanin lam tan hlang heh Tlami khua ti de i. He bangin hlanlai ah minung le Tlami te hmun khat in um tlang le nu dun, pa dun, rual cai dun in um tlang awng i. Napui le hnuata lam fangin sun lak ah Tlami te in napang in um lai kai maanin minung te thinraw le rinam zu kawm dun in Tlami te a ci mi trek sek le, cia hnua Tlami ti um lo i hang ti i.
- Tivang – Hmunli ah Phurh Hlum in fapa (4) nai i. Cia te heh Sumthang, Laizo, Zanniat, Nuhma ti i. Nuhma heh fa nauta ber i le Tivang – Hmunli khua khur in taang i. He te unau li (4) heh aisi in Nuhma, Nuhnua ti ling faitu ngai um lo i. Tesin fasin san ah a vum ai unau li (4) te heh Hin pui hming cang leh i. Cia te songin minung tam ngai karhzai ai, khua tampui hnua ah hin dang neuneu tam ngai zei leh fawm i. Cia lo ramdang ai hlenghnak Hin dang ti bang te um le thio le kin Zanniat ram song ah Hin tam ngai um leh thio i. Lingbaihnak in Lumbang, Khualai ah Sumhrang, Zanniat, Laizo, Nuhnua ti um i. Hmunli ah Nuhma, Darthang, Zanniat, Lianpial, Canzo, Khambawi, Zahni ti um i. Cia bangin Thantlang area ah Sunthang, Laizo, Bairek, Lerngo, Nairel ti Hin tam ngai um i.
- Phurh Hlum in falai Zanniat heh raalhlirtu in dawnghnar ah khua toh i. Cia tan Haihlan ah rak kawm i. Hmunli in Rak ben leh te thawn umhmun nuam lo maanin tun ai Locom ah hon thawn leh ti i. Locom ah khua rai pui um hnua tesin fasin pawl heh khua thar saat in vaai ai, Lumbang, Khualai, Zultu ah khuato i. Cia hnua Locom, Khualai, Zaaniat ce in Simrawn, Ngawn ram le Kawl rawn ah hlengtu khai um i. Kum rai pui hnua ah Hmunli inn pil maanin khua dang ah vaaitu um leh thio i. Ramdang vaai pawl a vum ai unau palai (4) te song in karhzai ai Manipur Runpui tii nisuahhnak lam ram khut in khua to tlang i. He bangin Phurh Hlum heh Zanniat miphun cihlahtu i. A tefa songin mithin puar te maanin hnua lam ah raal nai ai, Zanniat kin cer leh i. Zanniat cet tuh fangin fur rong cu teng, nupui nu pakhat Haihlan ah lo feh le, a hiang in Khuavang lasa ai fangkuang hmuah khai a ri hlurhhlo in hmu ti i. Cia mi khuavang lasahnakheh a hnia ai bangin sa ti hlanlai thuling te in reel de i.
“Tu run sin, ta ran sin,
Tu ru pui in sin;
Ta ra pui in sin,
Siathang in sia”
Cia hnua ni khat (1) fawm ah tu Phungnun nauawi lasa a hnia lam bangin za leh saal ti i.
“Bawi nuan na nau aw,
Sing le sing lawn ze;
Fual le fual lawn ze.”
He kum pah Tlaisun raal in Locom, Khualai Tlangriat (8) le a dang khua hmuah khai cer sio ti i. Cia mi hnua ah Hmunli inn pil leh thio le mi hrekkhat te heh Ngapha, Indin, Natchaung lam ah vaai sek ti kin pa te in reel de i.
- He mi Zanniat cet tihnak heh Khualai ai Zul Det nu thu nai maanin Tlaisun in lo sim awnghnak i ti i. Mirang Acozah helng hlan heh Lai Raal ti lo um I le, zan song sun, i hlah lekhaw sun lak ti bang ah rim dun, sim dun i. Cia lai in maithal um lo maanin fai le vaang hmang i. Ramsan dawihnak khai fai le conkiang hmang hmang ti i. Mi rek, sa kap te heh upa dai ngah i. Cia maanin pasal hmuah in raal reek tuh, sa ngah tuh zuam i. Cia Pawpui, Tlavaang ngah in khai a tuk kuul i ti de i. Cia bangin hlanlai ah raal lo um napui le Mirang Acozah hlenghnua tu ukhnak daan, upadi kho ngai in kin bawt le Laai Raal ti um nawn lo i hang. Misual, mireek hmuahhmuah tawngtoh sek de maanin lau ten leh hang i. Dap neu in lovaai thingphur thil leh hang maanin neunawn san tu raal kut ai lut kin cang leh maanin thin nuam hnangam in khua sa tlang i sing.
- Laai raal (Lairal) tihnak heh kinmah Falam peng song raal leek i lo i. Tiddim, Halkha peng songin khai kin lo sim awng ti i. Cia bangin hlanlai ah Tlaisun heh khuahum lo pha awng maanin Con Bik san ah Ngapha, Indin, Thiamthi lam tian lo uk awng ti i. Cia maanin Van Hmung sah tian Ngapha lam te in Manipur tipui hlun in lawng thawn fangsiah hon phurh de ti rel i. Nehhnak khua hmuah mah ram uk in hual vek i. Cia tih bang ai raal dun, do dun tihnak heh san man lo hnak thu i le a thupui ber ah Pathian leng lo, Khuavang forhhnak naper i. Iit dun hnak, kihzah dun hnak um lo i, puarthau hnak in neh maanin raal can dun hnak um i ti Bibel sirhsan in ling thil i sing. Minung ten i sing ti ling dun lo hnak thu thawn pehin hlanlai kin Pupa thawhkeh dan siik fangin Falam peng ramhrin miphun (x) te heh Lailun thawhkeh unau tlang awng napui sing le khuadang ramdang ah kum raipui um hnua ah hmunhma ling dun leh lo maanin hnuata lam ah tu khua khat le khuakhat raal cai dun, sim dun in lo um vek i. Cia lai in khua le khua tlawn zin khai um lo i. A suk a so in vaak menma de i. Cia dung so heh Lai Raal tho teng i le khuapui te in khuanau pawl, ihlah le thazaang nai lo pawl sim de ai, nupang, naupang khai reek sek de i. Sal tuhin khai pom de i. Cia san lai ah nupang lovai khai a burbur in feh de i. Lovai lai khai pasal pawl in raal kil de i. Napui le 1896 kum Mirang Acozah in ukhnak daan bawt le Ramsong uk daan lam thu tawlreltu Zipeng, Vuanthok, Miuk, Khuabawi ti bang um, ramsong raal, misual khamtu Pal, Ralkap khai kin dah sah maanin Lai Raal dap leh i hang.
- Ukhnak Daan:
1892 kum, Mirang Acozah Laitlang hleng ai, Falam ah Camp to/dah fangi Mirang kut hnia hiam lo pawl heh thawng hla sek i. Cinmual Circle Road khai Mirang daih lo Simhrin thwng to pawl ai ceekhnak awng i. Ramsong thureeltu Bawi Zipeng, Vuanthok dah i. Ram khan uktu in Falam peng ah Miuk (5) um i. Cia te son tu ah Khuabawi (Village Chief) khua khat pakhat ten dah leh fawn i. Cia hnua ah tu ramsong thubuaihnak ngai um lo in khuasa tlang leh i. Cia lai ai Falam Miuk (5) te heh a hnia ai pawl i hang.
- Lumbang Miuk – U Hlur Hmung
- Tlaisun Miuk – U Van Hmung
- Laizo Miuk – U Con Kim
- Khuali Miuk – U No Al (Mang Cung Nung)
- Zahau Miuk – U Thang Tin Lian
- Ramsong miuk um hnua Zipeng Bawi Mr. Dawn Bawipa in khua khat le khua khat ramri khan ai, tunnia tian cia bang pah in kho hlen i. Cia hnua Mirang Zipeng hnauta ber Sterenson in Falam peng Ramhrin Miphun suahkehhnak daan zoi leh saal hnua fangin a vum lam (33) ai hmu leh hnak ramsong miphun ti um i hang. Ukhnak daan thu bangin Zanniat ram song ah khua (37) um i. Khuahlun, khuathar tin um le Pahmunchawng le Webulah heh tun bai neu ai khatohnak i. Hmun Sum, Lungpi khua heh Kawl vai in piat zo i. Ling thilhnak in a um lai hnak khua heh a hnia lam bangin hmatdaan ngan i sing. Cia song ah Lunghawh heh Zanniat Block ah tel lo i.
(1) Lumbang
(2) Khualai
(3) Lunghawh
(4) Zultu
(5) Thanghluang
(6) Khumzing
(7) Simcing
(8) Tlangphai
(9) Hmunli
(10) Locom
(11) Congkua
(12) Ngaizam
(13) Lianrih
(14) Vanniam
(15) Lumte
(16) Tlortang
(17) Khuaval
(18) Murang
(19) Khuangdon
(20) Khupleng
(21) Haitui
(22) Tulung
(23) Darbo
(24) Tidil
(25) Tlorzan
(26) Khitam
(28) Pahmunchawng
(29) Mualzawl
(30) Webulah
(31) Ralum
(33) Zalang
(34) Kimniang
(35) Nimzawl
(36) Lungpi (piak zo)
(37) Hmungsum (piak zo)
- Avum ai nganhnak khua (37) song ah kin za de hnak bangin Murang khua heh Hmunli le Zatlung te unai ciah lo feh le, Murangpui kaap tuhin duum kawm ai, Murang khuato hmun hleng fangin khai kaap ngah thil lo maanin ciata pah khuato hnaki. Tlangphai khai Hmunli in Pa Thio Rul, Suak Kip, Zong Tun te pawl in 1900 kum ah Kacuai ah khua hon to hnak i. Karcuai ah kum (3) um hnua fangin inn hnia Tlavang in Sel kai maanin Tlangphai ah tak thawn leh i. Cia Zalang khai 1900 kum ah Lumbang in Maikang ah khuato i. Cia in tun ai umhmun Zalang ah thawn leh i. Mualzawl khua heh Lushai ram Khuabung lam in hlenghnak i le, Pa Van Hmung khuatohnak i. Pahmunchawng heh 1945 heh kum Janurary pan ral bo hnua khua cangcang in hleng ai, khua thar tohnak i. Webulah khai 1972 kum ai khua ngah lai hnak i.
- Mirang Acozah in Kawlram heh kum (100) zo lo kin uk i. Cia song ah Laitlang heh Chin Hills ti i le, Kawlram ukhnak daan thawn bang thil lo maanin hnuata lam fang tu “Chin Special Division” kin ti i. Ram uktu Bawi Mangki, Zipeng, Vuanthok, Miuk, Khuabawi tin tuanvo pe ten i. Zanniat ram heh Japan raal hlan hmuah Lumbang, Khualai, Lunghawh siar lo khua dang te heh Pa Van Hmung uk song awng i. 1945 kum Japan raal bo hnua fangin Zanniat ram hmuah Pa Hlur Hmung uk cang leh i. 1948 kum January ni (4) nia, Mirang kut in Kawlram Independence ngah i sing. 1948 kum February ni (20) nia Miuk phiat ai, Circle Chairman in kin uk i. 1952 kum ah a vai khathnak Paliman (Parliament) riilhnak um le, kin Zanniat ram in khai U Thang Lian in Paliman kin tuan sah awng i. Cia tum ai Lai Vuanzi heh U Vomtu Maung, Sian Thang te i. 1956 kum ah a vai hnihhnak Paliman riil ah U Thang Hlur in Zanniat ram Paliman kin tuan sah leh fawn i. Cia tum ah Lai Vuanzi heh U Za Hre Lian in tuan i. 1958 kum ah Gen. Ne Win ho in (Aing Saunh Asoyah) a lang neu Acozah kai i. Cia lai ah Falam peng heh Cirlce (15) in khan le, Zanniat ram khai Lumbang, Khualai, Lunghawh heh Circle No. (2)hnak i le, Sakta Zanniat lo ti awng de i. Ci lo hmuah heh Cirlce No. (3) ti le Hlangta Zanniat ti Lumbang Cirlce heh Pa Hlur Hmung Circle Chairman i. Hlangta Zanniat Cirlce khai Pu Thang Ci in Cirlce Chairman per i. A vai thum ril fangin Pa Nun Thang in Cirlce Chairman per leh i. Cia bangin khuacang ah Khuabawi khai thleng dun lianglo i. He mi heh 1958 kum ril i.
- 1962 kum March ni (2) nia, Gen. Ne win ho in Tawhlanzi Council kai i. Ramsong Acozah ukdan heh Myama Socialist Lansin Party lam hoi hnak inLungchungzi le Ukchukhmuh Committee in rampui din kawm hnak bawn i. Cia lai ah Falam peng heh Uksuh (32) khan le, Zanniat ram ah khai uksuh (7) um i. He mi hnua 1973 kum a vai khathnak Pyituh Council riil fangin Uksuh (93) in khan leh thio ai, Zanniat ram ah Uksuh (19) um i. Cia lai ai ukdaan heh Uksuh Council, Myone Council, Pyine Council, Naingngandaw Council ti in a sangsang ukhnak daan in Pyituh Hluatdaw lam hoi hnakin ram thu reel i. Myone Kusale (Representative) khai (93) um i. Myone Concil lah Myone Ahmuhsawng Committee, Tazatukyi a phuaih, Lukngan Sitsizi a phuaih ti in Aa-na-paing Aphuaih phun (3) in khan le mah phuaih tuanvo ten in mipui ca thu reel i. He lai teng heh Myanma Socialist Lansin Party feh dan in Myone Party Unit in Naingnganzi, Sipuazi, Luhmuhzi ti bang a veksen ram thu hmuah Party in pom liang awng i.
- Zanniat ram tihnak heh Manipur Runpui nisuakhnak lam, Kalemyone Natchaung, Myokyi, Myota karlak ram i. Ram lai teng ah Kalemyo, Natchaung – Falam motor la pui um i. Ramlai teng tlang heh Tupui I le Lita Cuvuan (Protected Forest Area) i. Manipur Runpui tluan ah ruahtii tlawm maan khuasa i. Cia mi heh Sim Ram ti i sing. Farheu tlangtan hlang Kawlzaang ram ah fangcang ciing i. Saklam ram hmuah in niimden, Laifang, Busul, Behli ti bang Lai rong a phunphun ciing i. Khuacang ah Coffee ciin ten ai paisa luthnak nai tam i. Khua hrekkhat ah Sabit (Grape) khai cuai tam ngaingai suak de ai, Sabit Wine bawn de i.
- 1947 kum ah Mirang kut in Kawlram Independence ngeh tuh hnak Conference ah Gen. Aung San ho in tlangpar, hmunrawn thinkhat, lungkhat neu in Pyithaungsuh (Union) ukdan hamng tuh ti lungkhimtlanghnak Pinlung Cachuk (Panglong Agreement) bawn fangin Laimi Kusale (Representative) in minung in lungkhimhnak lo thu ve i. Cia te heh Falam in U Hlur Hmung, Halkha in U Kio Mang, Tiddim in U Thawng Za Khup te i. 1948 kum Kawlram Independence ngah fangin ramsong ukhnak daan heh Democracy daan in feh le Tamadah (President) heh xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx in per I, Vuankyichuk heh U Nuh in per i. No. (45 ) ai nganhnak bangin 1962 kum, March nii (2) nia Tawhlanzi Council in ramdang milian te kuxxx farah nauta pawl khuh ngio hnak thu le ramsong Naingnganzi Party pakhat le pakhat rem lo hnak manin Acozah Ana (power) long leh manin Socialist dan in ram uk leh i. Ramsong uk dan Upadi thar khai mipui lungkhimhnak lang hnua 1973 kum ah Upadi Casuk suah awng i. Cia mi heh Phuaihsipung Achikan Upadi ti i.
- Umtu Khuasauk Dan:
Zanniat ramsong ah Khua (37) um i le, khua cang ah Hin le Nam khai tam ngai um i. Miphun dang te bangin Hin upa, Hin nauta ti in hlaihdan dun roh hnak um lo napui ai mah Hin khat minung heh a hlaice in sik dun, bawm dun tam i. Fapa nai ai inn tlai fangin pa te in inn sak i, hman tuh thirhmui, khukheng te pawl ken liang i. Inntlai pahmai cang manin nute pate in lo na per tuh khai bawm de i. Rong aih ti din lam le thilri hman tuh te khai ken liang de i. Lovai ai pumcawm pawl i sing le saklam ram pawl in Nimdem, Thiahvar le Khalhlai ai tam I, tlangtan hlang ah Fangcang le Nimdem thiahvar ai tam i. Cia song ah na tam thai te heh khua hnua in zanfak ai i, a man thai pawl te khua hma rong ai i. Mikol te zinghma neu in lo feh de le thaifak khai lo ah keng in ai de i. Mi zaran pawl heh nisuak in vaiteh tam i.
- Mi tam ber inn heh Di thawn sa hnak i. Tual ah Thingcaw dah hmun, Sumdeng hmun, Thinghlam nai ten i. Mineu san ah mi ram um dan ling vivo ai hanta lam ah tu lungto inn sa tam leh i. Mi hrek in Canphio inn sa bentu khai um i. Hlanlai hnak in umtlan dan nuam ngai bang i. Tidin tuh heh a hla, a nong tlau in lang ai, khua song hleng fangin mah vo ten tikhang ah ruatlau thingthlau in koh ten i. Tikuang heh farthing si le a tam ber ah tii pamhnak, laisia hnak in hmang de i. Khuasong tiding tuh heh kumhat vai khat tlau sel dan i. A zuam ben thai khua ah tii bawn fangin vok, zu in khawn dun in do de i. Zanniat ram song ah Mualzawl te heh xikhai ding pawl I le khua hiang tikhur ah ruatawng i hlah le umm in ti khai de i.
- Zanniat ram song ah Hin le Nam tampui um i. Thih kongcung le harsa hnak, nunnuam hnak lam in khai mah song khat in tavuan lang dun de i. Kum hnauta lam ah tu khuadang ramdang ai hlengtu um le zianzo manin dan thu le pongkam ti bang khai cokrawi leh lianglo hang i. Lingbai hnak in ramsong Hin le Nam neuneu ti hnak heh a hnia ai bang in hmatdan ngan i sing.
(1) Zanniat
(2) Laizo
(3) Sumthang
(4) Nuhma/Nuhnua
(5) Mitcaw
(6) Phunnim
(7) Phunhi
(8) Nairel
(9) Darthang
(10) Sunthang
(11) Zahni
(12) Khambawi
(13) Lianpial
(14) Conzo
(15) Lerngo
(16) Khualsim
(17) Ngawn
(18) Tlaisun
(19) Lushai
(20) Bairek
- He mi siar lo khua cang ah Hin tam ngai um ten lai napui le a ling cawk lo i sing. Cen, Ngawn tihnak heh Ngawn ram in hlenghnak i. Khualsim khai Halkha peng Rimpi lam in hlenghnak ti i. Lushai te khai heh Mizo ram lam ai hlenghnak i le Mualzawl khua dian ah um vek i. Tlaisun Hint e heh Miuk Con Bik san ah Tlaisun khua toh ai hlenghnak ti i. He bangin miphun tam ngai napui le mi tam ber hmanghnak pongkam heh Zanniat pon i. Cia manin Zanniat ram ti i. Cen, Khumzing, Thanghluang, Simcing ai Tlaisun pon hmanghnak heh hlanlai ah Tlaisun ah lo um awng manin Tlaisun pon hmang ti i. Mi hrekkhat in a papui heh Lunghawh ti Lerngo HIn titu khai um i. Cia bangin Zanniat ram song ah Tlaisun pon, Khualsim pon, Ngawn pon, Lushai pon, Zanniat pon ti in mah te hla hnak bangin pongkam hmanghnak phun (5) um i.
Sik Thim Hnak Ca Uk Pawl
- 1966 kum U Sai Al hmatdan cauk
- U Van Tiam, Lumbang hmatdan cauk
- U Thang Hlur, Lumbang hmatdan cauk
- 1968 kum Tawhlanzi Council suahhnak cauk
(Daingyinta Lumyo mya a paw a myin neh khanyuchet saaoh)
- 1968 kum Tawhlan Zi Concil suahhnak cauk
(Chin Daingyinta Yinceyhmuh Yoya Daleih Thoungsan mya saaoh)
- Worl History Part 1, Part 2 cauk
- Zahau miphun thuanthu nganhnak cauk
- 1977-78 kum Chin Student Magazine or Mandalay University
- 1980-81 kum Chin Student Magazine of Yankong University
- 1988 kum Chin Student Magazine of Yankong University
- 1971 ku ram karh pawh do dal hnak
(Necheh Santcin yey tamaing saouh)
- A vei (4) hnak Myone Council Suahhnak cauk
(Falam myone lumyonwe neh yinceyhmuh hmatdan saouh)
- The Burma History for 6th Standard
- Pilong (Panglong) Conference cauk
- Pa Khua Tlir, Hmunli ka suak rel awnghnak thu
- Pa Sawn Hlum, Hmunli ka suak rel hnak thuanthu
- Pa Hluan Kim, Webula ka suak rel hnak thu
- Nu Man Hlei, Tlangphai ka suak rel hnak thu
- U Bawi Lwe, Hmunli ka suak rel hnak thu
- U Tlang Rul, Hmunli ka suak rel hnak thu
- U Za Thluai, Falam hmatdan ca uk
- Leilung Vum ram cangcang ai Naingnganzi hmuh dan
(Kabah naingnganyey a twey a khaw saouh a twe-1, a twe-2)
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